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12 10 124 https://www.memory.ctevans.net/files/original/e7450edca6555e6035fa4a2407d094e6.pdf 0e56885192b66778bb6c74ca43c9fcc2 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stephanie I. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stephanie I. Great Depression https://www.memory.ctevans.net/files/original/fe46ea654a10719a1ef3a5a277ad2bed.pdf 7d92a2066bb0d0aafe4af7acf26106f9 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Steve A. Description An account of the resource Parents during the Vietnam War and Cold War Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Steve A. Cold War Vietnam https://www.memory.ctevans.net/files/original/d68b33e36d80a0724382cd9f91247f4e.pdf 6e45ab12df43773a8dfd7b5827fcff01 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Steven B. Description An account of the resource Family of Iowa farmers for over a century Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Steven B. Iowa https://www.memory.ctevans.net/files/original/4cb71b257bac448566f1a6de7921c5ea.pdf 0a4f1daa3c9c05ec36e957198ec583aa Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Susan R. Description An account of the resource While drawing roots back to World War II, the family really lived through the 60s and the youth culture that flourished then. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Susan R. PDF Search This element set enables searching on PDF files. Text Text extracted from PDF files belonging to this item. Sue * History is not only a study of the past; history influences and shapes our present and our future. I was born in the years following the end of World War II; my life and the lives of my parents, my ex-husband, my former mother-in-law, and my step-son have been impacted by world events. World War II greatly influenced my father and my mother. My father enlisted in the army at the age of 18, after his first year in college. He never spoke of the war and yet I read his thoughts in a scrapbook my grandmother gave me. It is not the anti-war father that I know now. His letters were filled with the hope of conquering the Germans and preventing further racist actions by the Nazis. Because of an injury in basic training, he was not sent overseas with the rest of his group, and they all perished in combat the first week there. I feel that the war and the emphasis on human rights impacted my father greatly. He was the first in the family to vote for a member of the Democratic party-for John F. Kennedy. He was always an advocate for those less fortunate and believed in being “his brother’s keeper”. My mother met my father in college and remained faithful to him during the 5 years he was gone. She told me that it did not seem fair that she would date someone else when he was so far away. She went to Bates College, in Maine. Because of the war she could not travel to France for the semester abroad and had to stay on campus. There she met Bobby Kennedy, as many of the navy boys were housed there. She married my father soon after he returned from France. She and my father expressed recently how they feel they lived during the “best of times”. Life after the war was a period of marriage, raising children, buying a home and living the “American Dream”. They are still together after 60 years of marriage and still live by the values of the time period in which they grew up. Marriage is about companionship, friendship and working together for a common goal; it is not about self-actualization and individual freedom. �My ex-husband and I grew up during the 50s and 60s; our lives were impacted by the “Generation Gap”, the Vietnam War, and the “Summer of Love”. As a member of the 60’s generation, we experienced the trauma of four assassinations, a war overseas which we witnessed on TV in front of our eyes, the drafting and deaths of our classmates for a war we did not believe in, and the invasion of the Beatles. We questioned everything and we fiercely wanted our independence. I grew up in Ohio and was buying my prom dress when the students at Kent State were shot and killed and I watched the rioting on TV after the assassination of Martin Luther King. The advent of PBS led to me being able to experience the lives of other cultures, as I grew up in an all-white community. Both Joe, who is a musician and I, a teacher, have remained the “hippie-like” kids from the 60s, advocating for social justice, respecting all cultures and lifestyles, and questioning everything the government does. Joe’s mother is a well-known playwright; she has written such plays as Funnyhouse of a Negro and A Movie Star has to Star in Black and White. When she attended Ohio State University in the early 1950s, as an African-American, she was not allowed to major in English but had to major in education. Later, she wrote a play called Ohio State Murders, starring Ruby Dee and taught theater classes at Berkeley and Harvard Universities. My mother-in-law was severely impacted by the racism of her day and it is reflected in her one act surrealistic plays where black female characters pull out their hair and commit suicide. Her stays in Africa introduced characters like Patrice Lumumba into her works. When she left Africa for a stay in London, she collaborated on a one act play with John Lennon. Later this event became a theater piece, My Life With the Beatles. The racism in America made it impossible for my mother-in- law to truly ever accept me or what she called my “white confidence”. In one of her plays, I was drowned and in another, the character Beowulf killed me. �My step-son was born in the post-Civil Rights era and did not experience the same America as his grandmother. He remarked to me once that if he had lived during the period of segregation, he would not have been able to go to school with his friend, Jeremy, who is black. I then had to tell him that indeed, he would have been going to school with Jeremy and that most would still call him Black, even though his mother was white. His heritage enabled him to get a lot of scholarship money and he was pursued by many colleges looking to increase their minority population. He was born on September 11th. I can still remember trying to find a restaurant which was open on the evening following the horrific events of that day. Each of the members of my family has been impacted by the history of our lives. Our parents lived in the period of the “Greatest-Generation”, yet a generation embroiled in the midst of segregation and racial hatred. Joe and I lived in the period of the “Generation- Gap”, a period of individual freedom, a struggle for civil rights, a war which divided a nation, and a period of new music- which seemed to change everything. Eitra was born into a different world, a world of accepted multiculturalism, a world of globalization, and yet, a world where the threat of terrorism prevails. � 1960s World War II https://www.memory.ctevans.net/files/original/8c3e9f5914398c8856e8b01648db1fcc.pdf 114aea2b5d7e31acdc23a21e681d0581 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Susanna S. Description An account of the resource With roots in Eastern Europe, both World War Ii and the subsequent advance of the Red Army and the establishment of communist regimes had a dramatic impact on the family. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Susanna S. PDF Search This element set enables searching on PDF files. Text Text extracted from PDF files belonging to this item. Susanna * My name is Susanna and my family’s roots and my family background encompasses the time of World War II and a civil war in Yugoslavia and the countries of Austria, Czechoslovakia and the former Yugoslavia and with the roots of my kids, also Turkey. This is the time and country frame I know. My knowledge of the time before goes back to World War II on my mother’s side. I don’t have any knowledge of the time before, but I plan to do more research and maybe I can add more to the story later. I was born in Vienna, Austria 1959 and lived there for 46 years until I met my husband in 2006, and became an American citizen in 2007. My mother, Hildegard, was also born and raised in Vienna, Austria, and lived there her whole life. Her family roots reach back to her parents’ arrival from Czechoslovakia (former Bohemia) to Vienna. She was their only child. Her parents owned a tailor shop and I believe they were pretty wealthy since they had an apartment in the inner city of Vienna as well as a house with a big garden near Vienna. My mother told me that my grandmother was the owner of a small business, a tailor shop with a few employees. She was the businesswoman in the family which was very unusual for that time and era in respect of the position of a woman. I am not sure what role my grandfather had, but I heard he opened a few businesses; one of them was a bowling alley. They came from Prague, Czechoslovakia to Vienna. They were from the German-speaking part, the “Sudeten Germans” (Sudeten Deutsche) and came to create a better economic future for their family in Vienna. My mother was their only child and they lived in this two-family-house with big garden near Vienna. My mother went to school there and successfully achieved a certificate in a special fashion institute (“Modeschule Hetzendorf”). The students of this school went out in the world and made fashion in sophisticated cities like Paris and Rome. Unfortunately when my mother got caught up in World War II in 1945, when she was 18 years old she had to escape from Vienna in a big hurry together with my grandmother in a truck from Vienna. They only could grab a few fabrics and throw them on the truck. The rest of the whole business was lost when they were able to come back later. They were alone, because my grandfather died in World War II. I can only imagine how frightened out of their minds they must have been both escaping from the oncoming Russians. I don’t know in which direction they escaped but my mother told me that they stayed overnight in abandoned houses and even an old castle and that she had a romantic crush on an American soldier who helped them along the way. When they finally were able to come back, the business was lost but they still owned the apartment in the inner city and the house. �My grandmother had to go to prison after they returned because she was accused by her Jewish bookkeeper of having said something insulting to her. Although my grandmother was rehabilitated, she was not the same person anymore after that. My mother said the loss of her business that she lived for broke my grandmother’s heart. My grandmother lost her will to live and fell in a deep depression. Finally my mom found her lying dead on the kitchen floor soon after my grandma was released from prison. She died from a stroke. Now my mother was alone, her parents were dead and she had no siblings. She had to sell the apartment in the inner city of Vienna and rented a very small apartment in a much cheaper district. She started to work as a tailor and she was glad to find any work at all at this time. Vienna after World War II was a tough place to live for a young and beautiful woman, which my mother was. Her certificate from the fashion school did not put bread on her table but sewing did. In fact, my mother never really used her certificate from the fashion school and worked as a tailor in a big company (Tlapa) for 27 years, her entire working life. I often asked myself why she never tried to change the job or start her own business like my grandmother, why she never traveled to other countries in Europe or why she never tried to change to a better apartment. I believe my mother was, after witnessing the disaster of World War II, the horrible escape from Vienna and the loss of practically all their belongings plus the business, very anxious and did not want to risk anything anymore. The most important thing for her was safety and her job was safe. She also never looked for a better apartment and never traveled outside of Austria, except one very short trip to Germany. My father – his name was Danilo – came to Vienna, I believe, in 1955. From what he told my mom he escaped and deserted from a civil war in the former Yugoslavia. He said that they fought partisans in the mountains. As a Yugoslavian, living in Belgrade, he was drafted in the war when he was less than 20 years young. My father was not a military type, he was a teacher, very smart, handsome and educated, and he spoke four languages. He got very scared when he was a soldier and the stories about that time of his life up in the mountains with one of his uncles, who was drafted as well, were scary and horrible. It was so cold, he said, that the toes of his uncle froze (frostbite) and his comrades around him got shot, died or were wounded and often died from their wounds. I don’t know which war it was, it was not World War II, it must have been a civil war with partisans in the mountains of former Yugoslavia. Finally he could not deal with it anymore and escaped with a few other soldiers to Austria. He came to Vienna without a passport and there he met my mother at the train station. My mom told me that he only had one �shabby suitcase in his hand and looked terribly thin and sick. Since he was a deserter, he could not return to Yugoslavia anymore. My mom had recently divorced from her first husband and had a four-year-old son, my half -brother Gerhard. Gerhard still lives in Austria today, but we did not grow up together. Three years after they met they married – my father was 23 years old then and my mother was 31– and I was born one year after that in 1959. My half- brother grew up with his grandmother and his father but they lived near us. My father tried to stay in touch with his family, many brothers and sisters and his mother, in Yugoslavia, but his brother Milan rarely answered his long letters. Finally his brother wrote him that he does not have time to read his long letters and my father suspected that this was his way to say that he did not want to have contact with him anymore because he was a deserter. That was a big disappointment for my father as he still had hoped to be able to return some day and take his little family, me and my mom, with him. I suspect that my father had PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) from his involvement in the war because he exhibited the sure symptoms I read later about. One moment he was very nice and pleasant, and the next he was triggered by something small that my mom or I did and broke out in destructive and violent behavior. He also often had flashbacks from the time he was in the mountains of Yugoslavia with his uncle which prompted him to drink too much. There was no name or treatment back then for it but the result was that he did not find work, although his German was very good and he was smart and wanted to work. When I was one and a half year old my father disappeared from one day to the other to – what my mom later found out – Holland and lived there with another woman, who later (when he returned one year after) wrote him letters in French. I believe that was after he learned that his family back in Yugoslavia did not want to stay in touch with him anymore. My mom did not know where he was and she had a policeman come over who suspected that she killed her husband and started to look around in the apartment. When my father came back, he did cross the border without a passport, was caught by the Austrian police and brought to my mom because that was the only address he could name in Vienna. After that my mom filed for a divorce. During all this problems my mom kept working as a tailor and I was being taken care of by a nanny who lived next door. I called her “aunt Resi” (Tante Resi) but she was not related to us. She should become a second mom to me and a very important person in my life. She practically raised me, since my mom had to work a lot to support us �both. My aunt Resi was the housekeeper of the house next door and responsible for keeping the house clean and collecting the monthly rent from all people living there. Therefore she was at home all day and everybody in the house was my friend. I was “little Susi” and was really happy there, playing in the grass of the backyard or accompanying when she ran errands. However, both women had a different sociological background and upbringing and therefore different positions towards the Nazi regime. My mom was born and raised in a wealthy Viennese family. When she was in school she was very good in sports and mathematic so she became the leader of a sports group at her school and that was at that time of the “Hitler Jugend” (Hitler Youth). My mom was not actively involved nor was she enthusiastic about what Hitler said, but it was very difficult and dangerous to keep yourself out of it. When I grew older and learned more about history this was surely a topic we talked about sometimes and when I asked her what her opinion was at this time she said that she was very young back then. She was only seven years old when Hitler became Germany’s head of state with the title of Fuehrer und Reichskanzler (leader and chancellor of the Reich). She said she did not have a choice but also the people around her were not in open opposition to the ideology. Although they were not actively involved, they also did not dare to oppose Hitler openly. My aunt Resi on the other side was about 10 years younger and she grew up in a farmer’s family near Vienna. She had many siblings. Farmers, she told me later, were much more independent because they grew their food themselves and once the economy went down they were not that much influenced by it because they could become self-sufficient and live off their land. My aunt Resi’s family opposed Hitler and the children or her parents did not participate in any of the groups. Then again that was much easier for my aunt since she was much younger and not yet in school and their farm and small town was not much of a focus of any of these activities of the Nazi’s. Nevertheless they had to escape too from the Russians at the end of the war and my aunt told me that she will never forget that people screamed: “Run, run for your life, the Russians nail people with their tongues to the doors of the houses.” Hearing that, I also never forgot this sentence. Many people who lived around me in my house or in my aunt Resi’s house had witnessed World War II and therefore I heard many of their stories when I grew up there. This left a deep impression in me to hate Hitler and reject everything that had to do with him. I know that Austria and Germany dealt very differently with their Nazi past and since I was interested in the reasons I recently read a very �comprehensive book about it: “The Politics of the Nazi Past in Germany and Austria” by David Art. My father died when I was four years old in a train accident. My parents were already divorced by then. I went to Kindergarten and school in the nearby catholic school and the nuns tried to provide a racism-free and peaceful environment for us kids. Nevertheless, although I was born in Vienna and had a Viennese mother, I and a few other kids got harassed because we looked “foreign”. I had black hair and black eyes and a Yugoslavian name which the other kids made fun of endlessly. I heard later from my husband John, who grew up in the Bronx in New York City and had Romanian-born parents, that he suffered the same fate with his German-sounding name in his childhood. When I was 30 years old I married a Turk. By this time, the part of Vienna where I grew up was already flooded with immigrants from Yugoslavia, Turkey, Poland, Romania and many others. On one side it was difficult, on the other side it was interesting too because now there were many shops and restaurants with items and food from those countries which were much cheaper than the Austrian shops. I know there are many unsolved problems rooting in this development but I always found that Viennese life got much more interesting and colorful with this melting pot of cultures compared to the Vienna of my early childhood. However, we had many difficulties related to our very different understanding of the role of a man and a woman in a marriage and I divorced him five years later. Therefore I practically raised my two kids – which are now 21 and 23 years old and also live and study in the United States – alone. 2006 I met my husband who is an American Foreign Service Officer and we married the same year in Switzerland where my kids and I moved from Vienna. Since then we lived in Switzerland, Mexico City and in the United States. � Austria World War II Yugolsavia https://www.memory.ctevans.net/files/original/7f2d89d88c52619cb64c03675f7b0c0e.pdf acb54651ba64b040558b33b62b9dccce Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Symone G. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Symone G. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 2013 inter-racial marriage racism https://www.memory.ctevans.net/files/original/bbbcc7eed0004b8f4bea6ae889708a8a.pdf 9c33b252e8ba0555fd81251dbb1a0515 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Taylor P. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Taylor P. Cold War https://www.memory.ctevans.net/files/original/fe54c779ddb07d5c3226e04eef966b41.pdf 8c66a18ce9e3c0de7833b09dd3e94507 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Terrence O. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Terrence O. Korean War Kuwait World War II https://www.memory.ctevans.net/files/original/85069fc45344839d110d3c834cfad578.pdf 993e1d8503dff49adbb5aef55d25941f Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Valerie T. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Valerie T. NASA https://www.memory.ctevans.net/files/original/7450fe25471898c2f1e7b8e8d01f0f68.pdf 9c5d714565c1f7b83b9e0d72a519c629 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vanessa R. Description An account of the resource El Salvador civil war and emigration to the United States Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Vanessa R. El Salvador